This brief uses nationally representative Nigeria Living Standards Survey data (NLSS 2003-2004) and econometric models to assess the livelihood impacts of HPAI by (i) investigating factors that affect participation in small-scale poultry production and profiling those households most likely to be poultry producers and those most likely to keep larger flocks, and (ii) assessing the potential impact of HPAI supply and demand shocks on various livelihood outcomes.