Cotton in Uganda is a smallholder enterprise and average yields fall well below the potential of the varieties. Substantial yield increases can be obtained by improvements in crop management. Insecticide is then required to protect the additional yield from pest damage, particularly by the bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. During its lifetime the CPP projects have been able to apply research across country boundaries. Outputs from the highly successful cotton IPM (integrated pest management) project have been applied in China and Pakistan (in collaboration with the Common Fund for Commodities) and are now being promoted in Uganda in conjunction with the USAID-funded Investment in Developing Export Agriculture (IDEA) project. The NRI and NARO (Serere Agriculture and Animal Research Institute) project team has access to IDEA’s on-farm demonstrations (OFDs), which promote cotton agronomy, working in partnership with private-sector ginning companies.