Existing studies of transport and its impact on the rural poor focus largely on its role in the process of economic growth, by increasing the productive capacity and market accessibility of small-scale farmers. Few researchers have investigated the role that transport plays in providing access to and maintenance of valuable social networks. This paper draws on empirical evidence from Kenya to review the relationship between transport mobility and social capital and its relevance for rural development. It examines the significance of transport in accounting for the extent of social interaction and the way that transport interventions enable the poor to access, and be included in, social capital networks.