The knowledge and perceptions about and toward HPAI of poor Indonesian households are investigated by asking the following questions: What do poor communities and poultry farmers perceive about the risk of HPAI infections to them and their poultry? What do they think are the factors or drivers of disease transmission? What are their practices for handling sick, infected, or dead birds? It is found that even though rural households and poultry producers are highly aware of HPAI, their knowledge of HPAI symptoms is limited and their knowledge about transmission, preventive measures, and disposal methods are variable.