There is a growing consensus that agricultural growth is critical to meet the ambitious Millennium Development Goal of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger. Global studies highlight that the distribution and incidence of poverty is predominantly a rural problem and that it is increasingly concentrated in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Likewise, the United Nations Millennium Project’s Task Force on Hunger (2005) estimates that half of the 852 million chronically or acutely malnourished live in smallholder farming households, two-tenths are landless, one-tenth are pastoralists, fisherfolk, and forest users. The remainder, around two-tenths, live in rapidly spreading urban slum areas.